The Polish State Fire Service is implementing a nationwide modern warning and alert system (SOiA) that will span over 4,000 locations across the country. Backed by a PLN 175 million investment, the initiative includes the replacement of analog sirens with digital ones, the development of a secure and advanced communications infrastructure, and the integration of local and national-level alert systems. The system is a key component of Poland’s new Civil Protection and Civil Defense Act, and is expected to be operational by the end of 2025.
“The law mandates that the State Fire Service establish a national network for warning and alerting citizens—what we call SOiA,” said Brigadier General Józef Galica, Deputy Chief Commander of the Polish State Fire Service. “In the first phase, the system will cover over one-third of the population, with future expansions to follow.”
Key Features of the System
The system aims to significantly enhance public safety, increase resilience to emergencies—including cyber threats—and ensure uninterrupted operational capabilities during crises. It is being co-funded by the National Recovery Plan (KPO) and the Ministry of the Interior and Administration (MSWiA). Its purpose aligns with the broader national strategy to modernize crisis management and ensure civilian protection both during peacetime and in extraordinary circumstances.
“The system must be based on secure digital technology, protected from cyberattacks and reliant on widely available energy sources,” Galica explained.
One of the main upgrades is the transition from analog to digital sirens. Currently, most sirens are activated via analog radio signals. The new system will utilize LoRaWAN, DMR digital radio, and GSM technology. LoRaWAN allows for long-range communication with low energy consumption and supports real-time monitoring and management through integration with other systems.
Procurement and Integration
Tenders are underway for the supply and installation of digital sirens, which will become key elements of SOiA. These systems will be fully integrated with existing infrastructure, enabling future expansions.
“Some cities already have similar systems and will be integrated into the national network,” said Galica. “The tender procedures have been completed, and provincial fire departments are now managing implementation. The first visible changes should appear within a few weeks of signing contracts.”
Construction of the SOiA began in 2023, with project completion targeted for late 2025. Installation of sirens and solar panels is scheduled for early 2026. Prior to rollout, a comprehensive inventory of existing alert systems was conducted. Locations were selected based on siren coverage and population density, ensuring effective reach during emergencies.
The system will be triggered by either local or central authorities, depending on the situation and authorization level.
New Legal Framework
On May 31, a new regulation came into force, defining:
- Two types of alerts: acoustic and visual
- Four types of warning messages, including:
- RSO alerts via mobile apps
- Notices from press editors and website publishers
- Broadcast alerts via radio and TV
- RCB ALERT messages via mobile network operators
“This will be fully compatible with current systems, like the RSO and RCB alerts,” said Galica. “The signal is just the beginning. Citizens will be told which area is affected and what’s happening. Then, they’ll be directed to mass media or their phones for detailed instructions. The system will also be adapted for people with disabilities.”
Broad Integration with National Threat Detection Systems
Under the Civil Protection Act, threats are to be detected through an integrated system combining:
- The Polish Armed Forces’ contamination detection systems (supervised by the Ministry of Defense)
- Epidemiological surveillance and disease control networks
- Early warning stations for radioactive contamination
- Systems detecting airstrike threats
“The public is already alert to wartime threats like bombings, but this system also covers natural disasters like severe storms, prolonged fires, or building collapses,” Galica noted.
Resilience Through Digital Infrastructure and Social Preparedness
The investment in SOiA is not just about technology, but also about societal resilience. A robust communications system is now a strategic necessity in the digital era, especially as cybersecurity threats grow.
“People need to be educated not only about alerts but also about how to behave during emergencies,” Galica emphasized. “What if you lose access to your phone, TV, or radio? Every household should have a flashlight, a battery-powered radio, and a first-aid kit. These simple tools can save lives.”
This initiative reflects Poland’s commitment to strengthening national security and building a cohesive, responsive system for alerting citizens in times of danger—be it war, environmental disaster, or other crises.
