The level of digital security in Europe is steadily improving, but at the same time the scale of cyber threats is growing rapidly. According to data from the European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA), the sectors most exposed to attacks include public administration, transport, infrastructure, and digital services. Poland records serious cyber incidents every year, including attacks on the energy sector. Experts stress that further investment is needed across Europe if the continent is to reach a world-class level of digital resilience.
According to the latest monthly summary published by CERT Polska, the average monthly number of registered cybersecurity reports over the last year, from February 2025 to February 2026, amounted to 55,200, while the average monthly number of recorded incidents reached 22,600.
“The level of cybersecurity in Europe is developing, but the question is whether it is developing fast enough. Certainly not, if we look at how heavily we are being attacked. Poland, in particular, is a good example of how much this area still requires further investment,” Bartosz Łopiński, founder and CEO of Billennium, told Newseria.
As the Polish Ministry of Digital Affairs emphasizes, since the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, Poland has been among the countries most frequently targeted by cyberattacks. On 29 December 2025, a coordinated cyberattack targeted the Polish energy sector. It affected numerous wind and photovoltaic farms, a private manufacturing company, and a combined heat and power plant supplying heat to nearly half a million recipients. The aim was to disrupt the functioning of energy infrastructure by damaging control systems. On 12 March this year, the Minister of Digital Affairs reported an attempted hacker attack on the servers of the National Centre for Nuclear Research. The cybercriminals’ actions were successfully thwarted. These are only examples of recent attacks that could have had major consequences.
“As the most attacked country in Europe, we know that we must make greater efforts to ensure security, not only in the context of access to data and infrastructure, but also in terms of attacks understood as attacks on content and on influencing public awareness. In social media alone, this is an entirely new field that is only just developing,” Bartosz Łopiński said during the 18th edition of the TIME Economic Forum.
According to the NASK Disinformation Analysis Centre report Social Media Platforms’ Response to Reports in 2025, a total of 46,511 pieces of disinformation content were reported in 2025. Only 12 percent of them were removed, while 68 percent were subjected to moderation. Misleading content concerned, among other things, the 2025 election campaign, an incident involving the violation of Polish airspace by drones, and an act of sabotage on railway tracks.
“Building resilience is an investment on many levels. It must be approached in a multidimensional way. Above all, this means working on infrastructure, access to it, and adding components that, in the era of quantum technologies, take protection to an entirely different level. We also need to make a great many investments in this area,” explains the CEO of Billennium. “The combination of artificial intelligence and the so-called post-quantum component is what represents the future of cybersecurity.”
On 10 March this year, the Council of Ministers adopted the Cybersecurity Strategy of the Republic of Poland until 2029. The document sets out strategic goals and measures aimed at improving and maintaining cybersecurity. Its priorities include strengthening the resilience of information systems in both the public and private sectors, developing research, innovation, and technology in this field, and deepening international cooperation. A migration plan towards post-quantum cryptography, as well as the development of domestic cryptography and quantum technologies, is one of the initiatives listed in the strategy. The government has also announced measures to improve supply chain security, support the development of domestic technologies and technological sovereignty, and expand secure communication systems.
“How does Poland compare with Europe and the world? We need to distinguish between two aspects here. First, the level of inventions and innovation, which can be measured by the number of users. Second, the diffusion of technology, meaning the way it is spread and adopted. These are two different issues. I believe we should move in the direction of investing, scaling up, and ensuring that innovative solutions are widely used, rather than remaining only in research institutes and universities,” Bartosz Łopiński stresses.
Despite Poland’s strong fourth place in the global National Cyber Security Index, the area of research, development, and innovation still requires significant improvement, according to the NCBR report Cybersecurity: The Strategic Role of the Sector in the State. The indicators point to lower public funding and weaker support for research programmes than in other leading countries. The report also gives a low score to the availability of doctoral programmes specifically focused on cybersecurity, which would allow students to deepen their substantive knowledge in this field and design and conduct original, specialist research.
In the view of the Billennium CEO, more intensive action in favour of cybersecurity is needed across Europe as a whole. One of the key areas is building Europe’s digital sovereignty.
“We need investments at various levels: from physical security, meaning data centres, critical infrastructure, and energy, through telecommunications, all the way to the application layer, where spending will probably be the highest. This is also an investment stack that will ultimately increase security,” Bartosz Łopiński emphasizes. “Unfortunately, against the backdrop of the rest of the world, Europe still looks somewhat pale. However, many start-ups show that we have the potential to build cybersecurity at the highest level. I still believe that public-private cooperation and the creation of an entire ecosystem enabling not only private but also public financing is the direction that will allow us to rise to a global level.”
