Construction of the onshore infrastructure for the Bałtyk 2 and Bałtyk 3 offshore wind farms, developed by Equinor and Polenergia Group, has commenced. This includes primarily a service base in Łeba and two electrical substations. At the same time, preparations are underway to start offshore works. The first electricity from both projects is expected in 2027, with the Bałtyk 1 offshore wind farm— the largest and most advanced project of the second phase of offshore development—next in line.
“We have announced moving to the next phase of the Bałtyk 2 and 3 projects as we close the financing stage. This is the largest project financing in Poland, an enormous investment worth PLN 27 billion. We can now proceed to the construction phase of the offshore wind farms, which will last another two years, and in three years the electricity generated by turbines built in the Baltic Sea will power Polish households,” said Dominika Kulczyk, Chairwoman of the Supervisory Board of Polenergia, in an interview with Newseria.
Equinor and Polenergia have made final investment decisions (FID) for the Bałtyk 2 and 3 offshore wind farms and closed financing for both farms, thus starting their construction phase.
“The Bałtyk projects are a major milestone for the entire Polish energy sector, for renewable energy sources, and for the new segment of the sector represented by offshore wind energy. But let us not forget the entire supply chain, as this is effectively a new branch of the Polish economy. This is no longer a future project; it is a present-day project that builds the Polish economy and provides cheap and stable energy for businesses,” emphasized Miłosz Motyka, Undersecretary of State at the Ministry of Climate and Environment.
Two onshore electrical substations are being built in Pęplin near Ustka. At the same time, cable routes connecting the coast with the energy infrastructure are under construction. In Łeba, an operations and service base is being developed to support the offshore wind farms. The commercial operation phase of the Bałtyk 2 and Bałtyk 3 projects will begin in 2028. Both farms will be able to supply green energy to more than 2 million households.
“We are currently in the construction phase. The most advanced works are onshore, including energy transmission from offshore cables, construction of transformer stations on land, and cable works. Manufacturing of devices is also quite advanced. Offshore works, such as installing foundations, transition elements, and cable laying, are planned for 2026. The last construction stage will be the installation of the turbines themselves—the towers with gondolas and blades—and commissioning, planned for 2027,” said Grzegorz Kotte, Director of Offshore Wind Farms Department at Polenergia.
The Bałtyk 2 and Bałtyk 3 farms are among the largest and most significant infrastructure projects in Poland’s history. Each project will comprise 100 wind turbines, each 260 meters tall. One rotation of a turbine’s rotor can provide renewable clean energy to power a home for four days. Additionally, two of the largest offshore electrical substations in Poland will be built, each with a capacity of 720 MW.
“Offshore projects in the Baltic Sea are incredibly important for Poland to create an energy-independent country. These projects will also impact the development of the Polish economy because, via a domino effect, they will engage many enterprises, suppliers, and manufacturers—and we will strive to ensure that as many of them as possible are Polish,” announced Dominika Kulczyk.
Building on the experience from Bałtyk 2 and 3, the company aims to increase the level of local content for the next project—Bałtyk 1.
“This is truly a major boost for the development of Polish entrepreneurship,” Kulczyk emphasized.
Bałtyk 1 is the largest and most advanced project of the second offshore development phase, currently undergoing the qualification process for auction—formal confirmation of meeting the conditions. Bałtyk 1 will have a capacity of up to 1560 MW, holds a connection agreement with the transmission system operator PSE, and has an approved environmental decision. The supply chain plan for the project is also ready.
“At present, we have submitted the prequalification application to the Energy Regulatory Office confirming that we are ready to participate in the auction and that we have fulfilled all necessary conditions. The next stage will be the auction itself, which we expect to take place on December 17,” said Grzegorz Kotte.
In total, the three Bałtyk projects will be able to supply green energy to over 4 million households in Poland.
“The Bałtyk 2 and Bałtyk 3 wind farms will cover approximately 3.5% of Poland’s electricity demand. This corresponds to the annual electricity production of countries like Estonia and Latvia. This is the amount of energy currently produced in several coal-fired power plants in Poland,” emphasized Kotte.
By 2030, Poland plans to have 5.9 GW of offshore wind capacity. A decade later, this is expected to grow to 17.9 GW, which could cover up to 32% of the country’s electricity demand. Data from the Polish Wind Energy Association shows that the wind potential of the Polish Baltic Sea is significantly higher—estimated at 33 GW.
“This is cheap, available, and much more stable energy than that onshore. We want to develop all possible diversified low-emission energy sources. Offshore wind energy is one of those with the greatest growth and economic potential; it directly impacts low prices. The more offshore wind energy we have, the lower the prices; and the more such projects there are, the cheaper it gets due to economies of scale,” said Miłosz Motyka.
According to data from the Energy Forum and the Energy Market Agency, in 2024, 29.6% of electricity production came from renewable energy sources—2.3 percentage points higher than in 2023. Although this is the best result so far, it is still below the EU average—where in some countries the share of renewables reaches 40–70%.
“A sustainable system consisting of regulatory sources, perhaps nuclear in the future, and offshore wind or renewables in general, is the best and currently the only possible system we can build in Poland,” concluded Grzegorz Kotte.
