The development of artificial intelligence in Poland will largely depend on investments in computing infrastructure, access to data, and the ability to retain specialists capable of developing advanced technologies. AI systems are increasingly performing real tasks in the economy, which significantly raises demand for computing power and technological expertise. Meanwhile, according to Eurostat data for 2025, fewer than one in ten companies in Poland uses AI-based solutions.
“Investments in computing capacity in Poland are a key element we must remember. Artificial intelligence solutions are beginning to perform real work, and computing power will enable this work to happen. In addition, it will facilitate access to data. However, what is particularly important is the competition for talent, so that technologies based on artificial intelligence are created here in Poland,” said Prof. Piotr Sankowski, Director of the IDEAS Research Institute and professor at the University of Warsaw, in an interview with the Newseria news agency.
Computing Power and Data Access as Key Competitiveness Factors
In its report “State of the Digital Decade 2025,” the European Commission identified computing capacity, data availability, and digital skills as critical factors shaping the competitiveness of the digital economy.
The report emphasizes that the development of artificial intelligence in Europe will depend heavily on the availability of computing infrastructure, cloud services, and the ability of companies and public institutions to process large datasets.
For this reason, the European Union is expanding its shared supercomputing infrastructure under the EuroHPC initiative. The program includes the construction of high-performance computing systems and centers designed to support the development of artificial intelligence technologies.
In 2025, the EU also announced new locations for AI Factories—centers that combine computing resources, cloud services, and research infrastructure for companies and scientific institutions. Poland was among the countries selected to host one of these centers.
Building Specialized AI Competencies
According to Prof. Sankowski, Poland should focus on developing specialized competencies in artificial intelligence, even if it may be difficult to compete directly with global leaders in building the largest AI models.
“We should fight to build our own areas of specialization in artificial intelligence. It will be difficult for Poland to compete in creating large reasoning models, but we should certainly strive to understand how to use them effectively. Artificial intelligence is becoming something like electricity. Just as devices such as hair dryers or electric heaters were invented to use electricity, we now need to invent solutions that apply AI to very specific business and economic tasks,” Sankowski said.
AI Adoption in Europe and Poland
Eurostat data show that the adoption of artificial intelligence in European companies is gradually increasing, although significant differences remain between EU member states.
In 2025, 19.95 percent of companies in the European Union employing more than 10 people used at least one AI technology, while in Poland the share was only 8.36 percent.
The most common implementations involve technologies supporting specific tasks, including:
- analysis of written language,
- text generation,
- automation of selected business processes.
According to Eurostat:
- 11.75 percent of EU companies used technologies for analyzing written language,
- 9.55 percent implemented tools generating images, video, or audio,
- 8.76 percent used systems capable of generating text, speech, or programming code.
However, the development of such solutions requires adequate technological infrastructure and specialists capable of building and implementing them.
Poland’s Talent Potential
Prof. Sankowski believes that Poland has significant potential to become an important player in the global AI ecosystem, thanks to its strong base of technical talent.
“We have a huge opportunity to create interesting solutions. Poland has excellent programmers and IT specialists, as well as highly educated young people who could develop these technologies domestically. There are many examples of Polish experts achieving great success abroad. It is worth making the effort to build an ecosystem where they can thrive here in Poland,” he said.
“If we succeed in creating such an environment, Poland has a real chance to become an important participant in the global AI race.”
Growing Demand for Technology Specialists
The demand for technology professionals is rising across Europe and is becoming one of the key drivers of artificial intelligence development.
According to Eurostat, around 10.3 million ICT specialists were employed in the European Union in 2024, representing approximately 5 percent of the total workforce. The EU’s Digital Decade strategy aims to increase this number to 20 million specialists by 2030.
Barriers to AI Adoption in Polish Companies
Despite growing global interest in artificial intelligence, the adoption of AI technologies in Polish companies remains relatively limited.
According to data from Statistics Poland (GUS), in 2025 8.7 percent of Polish enterprises used AI-based solutions, most commonly tools for text or voice generation and text analysis.
A report by the Polish Economic Institute (PIE) indicates that among companies that do not currently use artificial intelligence, as many as 77 percent do not plan to implement such solutions until it becomes necessary.
The most frequently cited barriers include:
- high implementation costs,
- lack of specialized competencies,
- uncertainty about the potential business benefits.
Overcoming these obstacles—through investment in infrastructure, skills, and innovation ecosystems—may determine whether Poland becomes a significant contributor to the future AI-driven economy in Europe.
